Moscow has summoned the US ambassador in protest against funding "anti-Russian" non-profit groups and interfering in the domestic affairs of Russia.
The foreign ministry said on Thursday that it has warned Washington of retaliatory measures including expulsion of American diplomats for "spreading disinformation" about the March 15-17 presidential election.
Moscow has also accused Washington of meddling in Russia’s "special military operation" in Ukraine.
"Attempts to meddle in the domestic affairs of the Russian Federation, including through subversive actions and the spreading of disinformation in the context of elections and the special military operation will be firmly and decisively suppressed," the Russian Foreign Ministry said in a statement.
The ministry said it had told Ambassador Lynne Tracy that Washington must stop funding three non-profit education groups that were advancing "attitudes and values alien to Russian society."
The groups named are the American Councils for International Education, Cultural Vistas, and the Institute of International Education.
The foreign ministry cautioned that continued assistance by the US to these organizations would be viewed as violating Russian law.
Russia has designated several western NGOs as “undesirable”, making it illegal for Russian citizens to work with them.
Russia and the United States both have expelled dozens of diplomats in recent years as relations between the two countries have reached an all-time low, following the Russia-Ukraine war.