Deposed Catalan separatist leaders have arrived at the High Court in Madrid on Thursday to face rebellion and sedition charges following a disputed independence referendum in October.
Former Catalan leader Carles Puigdemont, who was on a list of 13 officials summonsed, did not appear at the court.
Eight former ministers appeared in court. Former Vice President Oriol Junqueras, Jordi Turull, Raul Romeva, Meritxell Borras, Joaquim Forn, Carles Mundo, Santi Villa, Dolors Bassa, and Josep Rull.
Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy imposed direct rule on Catalonia after it declared independence from Spain following the Oct 1st referendum which was deemed illegal by Madrid.