As the Ivory Coast continues to deal with the aftermath of the worst terror attack on its soil, serious questions are being raised about the level of responsibility that former colonial power France should bear.
Five years ago, France conducted military operations that led to the ousting of former President Laurent Gbagbo and the installation of a government friendly to Parisian interests.
Links have been established between terrorist organizations, such as al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, and those in power. The France-installed regime in Ivory Coast has taken in deposed Burkinabe President and key negotiator Blaise Compaore, who is now a citizen in exile.
As authorities in the Ivory Coast struggle to deal with the aftermath of the March attacks, questions continue to be raised about just who pulls the strings.
From its colonial exploits to the current day, is France still manipulating the affairs of its former subjects for its own ends?